• Warm air rises when the land is hotter
• Colder air comes from sea to the land
• Monsoons blow from sea to land in the winters (though I would expect snow)
• Summer monsoons usually start on land then go to sea
• Summer monsoons also ruin the idea of a sunny summer (especially in India)
• Southern Asia monsoons are the most important because they bring water to the people there
• In a valley breeze, both warm and cool air rise
• A mountain breeze cools the air around and so the cold air goes back down
• Katabatic winds are stronger than valley and mountain breezes
• Katabatic winds form over large plateaus
• The plateau becomes cold in the winter
• The cold air sinks into the gap in the mountains
• These winds can be very cold over Antarctica and Greenland
• Chinook winds come when air is pushed to the mountains by force
• Warm air rises over the Sierra Nevada in California because the westerly wind pushes warm air to the west
• The air becomes colder when it rises and then it precipitates
• Since the air is cold, it sinks over the mountains creating strong winds
• The Chinook winds are quite warm
• The winds can melt snow easily
• The sinking and dry air makes a rainshadow effect
• A rainshadow effect is what creates many deserts
• The Santa Ana winds create many fires in southern California
• They come at the end of Californian droughts
• The air to the east of Sierra Nevada cools down in the late fall
• This makes a high pressure zone
• The air is pushed down to the south west of California
• The winds blow westward to the ocean
• The air is blocked by mountains so the air has to be funnelled through
• If a fire starts, it would spread quite quickly
• High temperature on the deserts means high winds and monsoons
• Winds can pick up dust and blow it around
• This creates a dust storm aka a haboob
• Air pressure can be changed because of the height above sea level, temperature, and Water Vapour
• Cold air is dense
• Hot air is not as dense as cold air
• At the beach on a hot and sunny day, the water cools down the air so it comes onto the land which warms it and sends it back up
• Higher the pressure, stronger the wind
• Cold air has higher pressure than the warm air so it has a stronger wind
• High pressure cold air that sinks is called a downdraft, and warm air that rises is called an updraft
• The Coriolis Effect makes winds go east to west, or west to east
• Sea breezes come inward to the land
• Land breezes go outward to sea

Sea Breeze:

Sea Breezes come because the sea is colder than the land since water takes a long time to heat up so it cools down the air. The land is warmer so it heats up the air and the air rises. The land is a low pressure zone because there is less pressure since the higher the air is, the less pressure there is. Meanwhile the ocean is a high pressure zone because the air is sinking, which means that is is coming closer to sea level, therefore creating higher pressure. The cold air from the sea blows into the land, which heats up the air and the air goes across to the sea. When the air is heated and floats up, that is called an updraft. When the air sinks, that is called a downdraft. That is how a sea breeze is formed.

Land Breeze:

Land Breezes are formed when the sea is warmer than the land at night since the sea, more or less, maintains a steady temperature. Since the sun is down, the lands temperature has dropped enormously. Since the sea is warmer than the land, the sea heats up the air and creates a low pressure zone because of the high warm air. Meanwhile, the land is cooling the air down and making it sink, creating a high pressure zone and a downdraft because of how low the air is to the ground. The high pressure ind blows to the warmer place where it gets heated up and rises again, just to be cooled down again. This is basically the reverse of the Sea Breeze. That is how a land breeze is formed.